Heavy and Prolonged Menestrual cycles are NOT a normal part of getting older ! . Since the Average age of menopause is 51 years ,many women cant afford to do nothing for years.
In order to Understande what is abnormal.you have to first define what is the range of a normal menstrual cycle!
Four Parameters define the normal range of menestrual cycle:
PALM: Describes when there is an ABNMORMAL STRUCTURE COEIN: Describes when there is NO ABNORMAL STRUCTURE
PALM : Structural Changes present:
p: polyp: a growth of the linning endometrial layer.
A :Adenomyosis: Its when the linning of the uterus ( innermost layer) invades the muscle layer of the uterus.
L: leiomyomata: its fibroids,a tumor of the muscle layer of the uterus
M: Malignancy and premalignancy: Cancerous and precancerous changes of the linning of the uterus can lead to abnormal vaginal bleeding.
COEIN: NO STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES :
C: Coagulopathy : coagulation system disorder O: Ovulatory Dysfunction: Ovulation is infrequent or abscent
E: Endometrial : The ability of the lining of the uterus to control bleeding is impaired
I: Iatrogenic : caused by medical intervention like medications
N: Not otherwise defined: to group any new causes Effect of untreated of heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding :
Anemia: chronic anemia is common
Decreased life quality: Patients often describe the effect of heavy bleeding on work,social life and self esteem.
Undiagnosed precancer: endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer,Its incidence is INCREASING,one in 46 women will have endometrial cancer ,at the sametime its one of the most treatbale and curable cancers, and detected usually in its early stages!
How to decide which treatment option? Many factors determine which option is the best for the patient,the treatment should be indivisualized to the patient needs,among the factors that affect the decision are:
2) Hormonal status: some hormones may affect the menestrual cycles 3) Ultrasound : 2D,3D And water ultrasound are differrent modalities that can be used. 4) Endometrial biopsy: Is a must if you are > 35 years old or have risk factors for cancer. 5) Hysteroscopy: can be both diagnostic and therpeutic
Treatment Options:
1) Medical/Hormonal Manipulation: such as Birth control pills,progesterone pills or injections, and Progesterone IUD are the main medications used,newer oral medications that block the regulatory hormones of the ovary were recently approved. Some of these medications may provide contraceptive benefit which sometimes is desired . 2) Surgical : Different types of surgeries can help with abnormal bleeding,for example: A) Hysteroscopic removal of fibroid or polyp B) Fibroid removal ,the open approach and minimally invasive approach C) Endometrial ablation: the linning of the uterus is the source of the bleeding,so removing that layer may be very helpfull,Its a minimally invasive option that help avoid hysterectomy,not every one is a good candidate for this option D) Hysterectomy : a definit treatment can be done minimally invasive . If you suffer from heavy menestrual cycle in your 30s or 40s,see your experienced gynecologist as these symptomes are not normal aging and can lead to health risks. Effective treatment options are available ,and you need to discuss which options are the best suited for you.